After hearing recordings of Fats Waller playing the first organ jazz records I became interested in the provenance of the organ being played. It did not sound like a church organ although many have said it was the organ from the Trinity Baptist Church in Camden NJ where Victor records had there studios in 1926.

Labor Day

 "Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.”

Matthew 11:28

 

The National Colored Convention in session at Washington, D.C. / sketched by Theo. R. Davis.

·         Illus. in: Harper's Weekly, 1869 Feb. 6, p. 85.

The first Labor Day celebration was held on September 5, 1882, and was organized by the Knights of Labor. The Knights of Labor founded in Philadelphia in 1869 by Uriah Stephens was also known as Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor. The Knights of Labor allowed membership by Women and Blacks. In the wake of a strike against the Pullman Company by its employees and the harsh ending of the strike by President Grover Cleveland, the official holiday was created. President Cleveland seized the chance at conciliation offered by Congressional legislation establishing a day to honor labor, especially labor unions, and in 1894 Labor Day was born. The Lectionary provides a Labor Day Service. According to a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday preceding Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement

Flag week, Orsiesius the Cenobite, Juneteenth

June 14 is Flag Day, and the week in which June 14 occurs is National Flag Week, which encourages Americans to display the flag outside their homes and businesses. Although Flag Day is not a federal holiday, Americans everywhere continue to honor the history and heritage it represents.

The Flag of the United States of America is a symbol of freedom and liberty to which Americans pledge their allegiance. It consists of thirteen alternating red and white stripes and fifty white stars on a blue field, with each star representing a state.

The colors on the flag represent:

•Red: valor and bravery

•White: purity and innocence

•Blue: vigilance, perseverance, and justice

June 15 St. Orsiesius c.380 Abbot of the first true monastic cloister in Tabennisi, north of Thebes, in Egypt

Orsiesius was a favorite disciple of Saint Pachomius at Tabennisi and his assistant in drawing up the rules for the cenobites. He succeeded Pachomius as abbot. He was praised by Saint Antony and Saint Athanasius, but some 12 years before his death he was forced by his monks to resign because of the harshness of his rule. He resumed that office several years later. He is the author of an ascetical treatise that Saint Jerome translated into Latin (Benedictines, Encyclopedia).

June 19 is Juneteenth is derived from the words June and the nineteenth to commemorates June 19, 1865, the day Union General Gordon Granger and 2,000 federal troops arrived on Galveston Island, Texas to take possession of the state and enforce General Order No. 3 which read:

The people of Texas are informed that, following a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.

Juneteenth celebrations began in Texas in 1866. Within a few years, these celebrations spread to other states and are now an annual tradition. Celebrations often open with praying and religious ceremonies and include a reading of the Emancipation Proclamation which was announced on January 1, 1863, with little effect on most slaves, particularly in Texas, which was for the most part under Confederate control. Food is central to the celebrations, with barbecued meats being especially popular.

Floyd’s life as a Christian in Houston

There is a lot of propaganda out there trying to paint George Floyd as a career criminal to promote the point of view that his memory is not worthy of respect.

A person’s life is a complicated concept and often at various stages of life there can exist dichotomies. Before you buy that view please read this article from Christianity Today that describes a different person from that depicted in those narratives.

Christianity Today was founded by Billy Graham, to "plant the evangelical flag in the middle of the road, taking the conservative theological position but a definite liberal approach to social problems". Therefore you can trust its description of Floyd’s life as a Christian in Houston. 

https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2020/may/george-floyd-ministry-houston-third-ward-church.html

Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recovered? JEREMIAH 8:22

Another “spiritual” that owes its origin to Richard Allen’s 1801 hymnal: A Collection of Spiritual Songs and Hymns Selected from Various Authors by Richard Allen, African Minister (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1801) is 'There is a balm in Gilead'. This spiritual was inspired by the John Newton hymn: How lost was my condition

. From <https://www.hymnologyarchive.com/there-is-a-balm-in-gilead

The African worshipers took the alliteration sin-sick soul that was sung in Allens church from Newton's hymn and incorporated in Allen's emotional preaching and integrated them into their song. The result is an entirely new song with its own form and music.

By the 1830s the chorus circulated in oral tradition proven by its inclusion in Newton’s Hymn as Eileen Southern calls “Wandering Choruses”

“...that is, refrains freely used with any hymn rather than affixed permanently to specific hymns.” From <http://www.bluegrassmessengers.com/hymnals-of-the-black-church--eileen-southern.aspx

1 How lost was my condition,

Till Jesus made me whole,

There is but one Physician

Can cure a sin-sick soul.

Chorus:

There is a balm in Gilead,

To make the wounded whole,

There's pow'r enough in Jesus,

To cure a sin-sick soul.

It stands to reason that these early sources, via unknown avenues over the course of 30+ years had been cycled through oral tradition among African Americans in the 1800s. In one snippet of what could be a variant of this spiritual, a graduate of Hampton University, Dennis F. Douglas, class of 1876, wrote to the school’s journal, The Southern Workman, speaking of his experience teaching in South Carolina and Georgia, and said, “Our folks sing a song running like this, ‘Though I cannot sing like Silas, neither can I preach like Paul, I can tell the wondrous story; free salvation is for all” (vol. 25, p. 196).

From <https://www.hymnologyarchive.com/there-is-a-balm-in-gilead>

 By 1845 it is alluded to by Edgar Allan Poe in his narrative poem The Raven. 

“Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!—

Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,

Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted—

On this home by Horror haunted—tell me truly, I implore—

Is there—is there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me, I implore!”

Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”

From <https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/48860/the-raven>

By 1854 it is published in Washington Glass's 1854 hymn "The Sinner's Cure,"…  

Glass attributed this hymn to himself, but like several of the hymns so attributed, it is substantially the work of another. From <http://www.bluegrassmessengers.com/balm-in-gilead--1854-version-a-sinners-cure.aspx

Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Hymn And Tune Book of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Round note ed. Nashville, Tenn.: Pub. House of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Barbee & Smith agents, 18991889.

Around the turn of the 20^th century, it was published in John Wesley Work, Folk Song of the American Negro (New York: Negro University Press, 1915), 102. 

It was immortalized in William L. Dawson’s haunting and beautiful arrangement. 

Tuskegee Institute, Ala.: Music Press, ©1949

Dr., Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Said: 

Centuries ago Jeremiah raised a question, “Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there?”   He raised it because he saw the good people suffering so often and the evil people prospering.

 Our fore-parents… did an amazing thing.   They looked back across the centuries and they took Jeremiah’s question mark and straightened it into an exclamation point.   And they could sing, “There is a balm in Gilead to make the wounded whole. (Yes)   There is a balm in Gilead to heal the sin-sick soul.” 

We are climbin Jacob's Ladder

We are climbin Jacob's Ladder

1. We are climbin Jacob's Ladder {ladder}

We are climbin Jacob's Ladder {ladder}

We are climbin Jacob's Ladder {ladder}

Soldier of the cross (or King)

2. Every round goes higher higher {higher}

Every round goes higher higher {higher}

Every round goes higher higher {higher}

Soldier of the cross

3. Do you think I'll make ah soldier {soldier}

Do you think I'll make ah soldier {soldier}

Do you think I'll make ah soldier {soldier}

Soldier of the cross

4. If you love him why not serve him {serve him}

If you love him why not serve him {serve him}

If you love him why not serve him {serve him}

Soldier of the cross

5. Repeat verse one

Here’s another illustration of our great grandparents genius for giving double meanings in the spiritual songs they sung. We might look at them as "fun" songs to sing around the campfire. But do we climb a 'ladder' to get to Heaven?

The old Negro spiritual would proclaim, "We are climbing Jacob's ladder ladder...soldiers of the cross...ev'ry rung goes higher higher … Do you think I'll make ah soldier?”

T.G. Steward wrote in Buffalo Soldiers: The Colored Regulars in the United States Army: ”I first heard it sung in the Saint James Methodist Church, Charleston, South Carolina, immediately after the close of the (Civil) war. It was sung by a vast congregation to a gentle, swinging air, with nothing of the martial about it, and was accompanied by a swaying of the body to the time of the music. As the rich chorus of matchless voices poured out in perfect time and tune, “Rise, shine, and give God the glory,” the thoughts of earthly freedom, of freedom from sin, and finally of freedom from the toils, cares and sorrows of earth to be baptized into the joys of heaven, all seemed to blend into the many-colored but harmonious strain.

He said later in the chapter:” The Negro soldier, hero of five hundred battlefields, with medals and honors resting upon his breast, with the endorsement of the highest military authority of the nation, with Port Hudson, El Caney and San Juan behind him, is still expected by too many to stand and await the verdict of thought, from persons who never did “think” he would make a soldier, and who never will think so. As well expect the excited animal of the ring to think in the presence of the red rag of the toreador as to expect them to think on the subject of the Negro soldier. They can curse, and rant, when they see the stalwart Negro in uniform, but it is too much to ask them to think. To them, the Negro can be a fiend, a brute, but never a soldier”.

Frederick Douglass, himself an escaped slave, summed the matter up succinctly:" Colored men were good enough to fight under Washington. They are not good enough to fight under McClellan. They were good enough to fight under Andrew Jackson. They are not good enough to fight under Gen. Halleck. They were good enough to help win American Independence but they are not good enough to help preserve that independence against treason and rebellion. They were good enough to defend New Orleans but not good enough to defend our poor beleaguered Capital.

Historian Benjamin P. Thomas wrote: "Although Lincoln announced the proposed use of colored troops in the Emancipation Proclamation, he had not come easily to that decision. The act of July 17, 1862, gave him complete discretion in the employment of Negroes for any purpose whatsoever, but he had shrunk from using black men to kill white men. To deprive the South of the services of her slaves was a legitimate and necessary war measure. To use colored men as teamsters and laborers in the Union army would release white men for combat. But to put weapons in the hands of black men, some of whom might become frenzied with the flush of new-found freedom, was a matter of most serious consequence."

So our forbearers sang “do you think I’ll make a soldier? Soldiers of the cross.

A list titled “Negros” of 317 slaves owned by President George Washington in his own handwriting.

Negros Belonging to George Washington in his own right and by Marriage

GW TRADESMEN &CA

Names  ages       Remarks

Nat         Smith                    His Wife               Lucy       D[ogue] R[un]   dow[e]r

George Ditto                      Ditto      Lydia     R[iver] F[arm]   Ditto

Isaac      Carp[ente]r                                        Kitty      Dairy     Ditto

James   Ditto      40                           Darcus  Muddy Hole       GW

Sambo  Ditto                                      Agnes   R.F.        dowr

Davy      Ditto                                      Edy         U[nion] F[arm]  GW

Joe         Ditto                                      Dolshy  Spin[ne]r             dowr

Tom       Coop[e]r                                              Nanny   Muddy Hole       GW

Moses   Ditto                      No Wife                                              

Jacob     Ditto                      Ditto                                     

George Gard[ene]r                         His wife               Sall         D.R.        dowr

Harry     Ditto                      No wife                                               

Boatswain           Ditc[her]                              His wife               Myrtilla                Spinr     GW

Dundee                Ditto                      His wife               at Mr Lears                         

Charles Ditto                      Ditto      Fanny    U.F.        dowr

Ben        Ditto                      Ditto      Penny   R.F.        GW

Ben        Miller                    Ditto      Sinah     Mn Ho. dow.

Forrester             Ditto                      No Wife                                              

Nathan Cook      31           Wife      Peg        Muddy Hole       GW

W. Muclus           B[rick] Lay[e]r                   Ditto      Captn Marshalls1                            

Juba       Carter                   No wife                                               

Matilda                Spinner                                Boson   Ditcher                

Frank     Ho[use] Servt                    Wife      Lucy—Cook                       

Will        Shoem[ake]r                     Lame—no wife2                             

amount 24

MANSION HOUSE

Passed Labour

Frank                     80           No Wife                                              

Gunner                 90           Wife      Judy       R.F.        GW

Sam       Cook      40           Ditto      Alce       Muddy Hole       Ditto

amount                 3                                          

Trades &ca not engagd in Cropping         24                                          

Total                                      2[7] not cultivators of the Soil3

DOWER TRADESMEN &CA

Names  ages                       Remarks             

Tom Davis           B: layr                   Wife      at Mr Lear’s       

Simms  Carpr                     Ditto      Daphne—French’s         

Cyrus     Post[ilio]n                          Ditto      Lucy       R.F.        GW

Wilson  Ditto      15           no wife                                               

Godfrey               Cartr                      Wife      Mima    Mn. Ho.                dowr

James   Ditto                      Ditto      Alla        Ditto      ditto

Hanson Dist[ille]r                            No wife                                               

Peter     Ditto                      Ditto                                     

Nat         Ditto                      Ditto                                     

Daniel   Ditto                      Ditto                                     

Timothy               Ditto                                                                     

Sla[min] Joe       Ditchr                    Wife      Sylla      D.R.        GW

Chriss    Ho. Ser:                                Ditto      Majr Wests4                      

Marcus Ditto                      no Wife                                               

Lucy       Cook                      Husband              Ho[use] Frank                   GW

Molly                                    No Husband5                                    

Charlotte             Sempst[res]s                     No husband                                      

Sall         Ho[use] M[ai]d                 Ditto                                     

Caroline               Ditto                      Husb[an]d           Peter Hardman                

Kitty      Milk Md                               Ditto      Isaa.       Carpr     GW

Alce       Spinr                     Charles Freeman                             

Betty Davis         Ditto                      Mrs Washington’s—Dick6                           

Dolshy                                  Husbd   Joe         Carpr     GW

Anna                                     Ditto      liv[in]g at George Town                GW

Judy                       21           No Husband                                      

Delphy                                 Ditto      ditto                     

Peter lame         Kn[i]tt[e]r                           No wife                                               

Alla        Ditto                      Husbd   James   Cartr      dower

amount 28

MANSION HOUSE

Will                                        Wife      Aggy      D.R.        GW

Joe         Postiln                  Ditto      Sall         R.F.        Ditto

Mike                                      No wife—           son to Lucy                        

Sinah                                     Husbd   Miller    Ben        GW

Mima                                    Ditto      Godfrey               Wag[one]r          dowr

Lucy                                                       No Husband                      

Grace                                    Husbd   Mr Lear’s Juba                  

Letty                                      No husband                                      

Nancy                                   Ditto      ditto                     

Viner                                     Ditto      ditto                     

Eve                         17           Ditto      a dwarf                

Delia                     14           Ditto      her sister                            

Children

Phil                                        Son        to Lucy                 

Patty                                     daughter             to Ditto                               

Rachel                  12           Daughr to Caroline                        

Jemima                                9              Ditto      Ditto                     

Leanthe                               8              Ditto      Ditto                     

Polly                      6              Ditto      Ditto                     

Peter—B.                            4              Son        Ditto                     

Emery                                   Son        to Alce                 

Tom                                       Ditto      Ditto                     

Charles                                 Ditto      Ditto                     

Henriette                                            Daughr Ditto                     

Barbara                                10           Ditto      to Kitty                

Levina                   6              Ditto      Ditto                     

Elvey                                     Ditto      to Charlotte                      

Jenny                                    Ditto      Ditto                     

Eliza                                       Ditto      Ditto                     

Nancy                   9              Ditto      to Betty D[avis]                               

Oney                     6              Ditto      Ditto                     

Lucinda                                2              Ditto      Ditto                     

Daniel                   6              Son        to Anna                               

Anna                     4              daugh.  Ditto                     

Sandy                    1½          Son        Ditto                     

Sucky                    5              daughr  to Dolshy                            

Dennis                  2 mo.     Son        Ditto                     

John                                      Ditto      to Mima                              

Randolph                                            Ditto      Ditto                     

Nancy                                   daughr  to Sinah                              

Burwell                                                Son        to Lucy                 

Passed labour

Doll                                        No husband                                      

Jenny                                    Ditto      Ditto                     

Old          2

Workers               12

Children              28

Amount               42 Mansion House

House Serts Spinners &ca &ca   28

Total      70 Not employed in the Crops &ca

Geo: Washington             2[7]

Dower  70

In all      9[7] not employed in the Crops

GW MUDDY HOLE F[ARM]

Names  age                         Remarks                             

Gabriel 30           Wife      Judy       D.R.        GW

Uriah     24                                                          

Moses   19           Son        to Darcus                             GW

Kate       old         Husbd   Will        Muddy Hole       dowr

Nanny   ditto      Ditto      Tom—Cooper                   GW

Sacky     40           No Husband                                      

Darcus  36           Husbd   James—Carpr                    GW

Peg        34           Ditto      Nathan—C[oo]k                               GW

Alce       38           Ditto      Sam ditto                            GW

Amie     30           No Husband                                      

Nancy   28           Husbd   Abram                  French

Molly    26           No Husband                                      

Virgin    24           Husbd   Gabl                       Mr Lear

Letty      19           No husband                                      

Kate long             18           daughr of Kate                                 

Kate sht               18           Ditto      Alce       Muddy Hole      

Isbel      16           Ditto      Sarah—dead                     

Townshend        14           Son        to Darcus                            

Children                             

Alce       8              Daughr to Darcus                            

Nancy   2              Ditto      ditto                     

Lucy       11           Daughr to Peg                  

Diana    8              Ditto      ditto                     

Alexander           3              Son        ditto                     

Darcus  1              Daughr ditto                     

Oliver   11           Son        to Nancy                             

Siss        8              Daughr ditto                     

Martin  1              Son        ditto                     

George 8              Ditto      to Alce                 

Adam    7              Ditto      ditto                     

Cecelia 2              Daughr ditto                     

Sylvia    10           Ditto      to Molly                              

James   7              Son        ditto                     

Rainey  8              Daughr to Amie                               

Urinah  2              Ditto      ditto                     

Billy       2              Son        to Letty                               

Henry    1              Ditto      ditto                     

Workers 18    

Children 18     together 36

DOWER MUDDY HOLE F[ARM]

Names  age                         Remarks                             

Davy—Ov[ersee]r           56           Wife      Molly    Muddy Hole       dowr

Will—Mink         60           Ditto      Kate       ditto      GW

Molly    76           Husband              Davy—Ovr                         

Patience              14           Daughtr                Dolly     U. Farm               

Mary      11           Ditto      Betty     ditto     

Workers               3             

Does nothing     1             

Young   1              In all 5

Altogether at this Farm 41.

GW RIVER FARM

Names  age                         Remarks                             

Robin    80           nearly passed labr                                          

Natt       55           Wife      Doll        R.F.        dowr

Ned       56           Ditto      Hanh     ditto      ditto

Ben—Cartr         22                                                          

Peg        56           Husbd   old Ben                R.F.        dowr

Judy       55           Ditto      Gunna                   GW

Cloe       55           No husband                                      

Suckey  50           Ditto      ditto                     

Suckey—Bay      46           husbd   belongg to Adans7                         

Sall         30           Ditto      Postn Joe                            dowr

Rose      28           No husband                                      

Penny   20           Husbd   Ben Hubd                            GW

Lucy       18           Ditto      Cyrus Post[ilio]n                              dowr

Hannah                12           daughr  Daphne dead                    

Daniel   15           Son        to Suckey            R.F.       

Henry    11           Son        to Sall   ditto     

Nancy   11           daugh.  to Bay Suke        ditto     

Children

Elijah     7              Son        to Sall   R.F.       

Dennis  5              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Gutridge              3              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Polly      1              daughr  Ditto      ditto     

Hagar    6              Ditto      to Rose ditto     

Simon   4              Son        Ditto      ditto     

Tom       2              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Joe         1              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Nancy   4              Daughr to Bay Suke        ditto     

Passed labour

Ruth      70           husbd   Breechy               dowr    

Workers               17          

Children              9             

Passed labr         1              together 27

DOWER RIVER FARM

Names  age                         Remarks                             

Ben        70           Nearly done       Peg for wife                      

Breechy               60           not better           Ruth his wife                    

Johny    39           Wife      Esther   R.F.        dowr

Richmond           20           No Wife                                              

Ned       20                                                          

Heuky   17           Son        to Agnes              R.F.       

Joe         22                                                          

Esther   40           Husbd   Johny    Ditto     

Doll        58           Husbd   Natt       R.F.        GW

Lydia     50           Ditto      Smith Geo:                         GW

Agnes   36           Ditto      Sambo—Car[pente]r                     GW

Alce       26           Ditto      Lears John                          

Fanny    30           Ditto      Alexanders8                     

Betty     20           Ditto      Lears Reuben                   

Doll        16           No husbd            Daugh. to Doll                  

Cecelia 14           No husbd            Ditto to Agnes                  

Jack        12           Son        to Doll                 

Anderson            11           Ditto      to Agnes                             

Lydia     11           Daughr to Lydia                               

Children

Ralph    9              Son        to Sall   R.F.       

Charity 2              Daughr Ditto      Ditto     

Charles 1              Son        Ditto      Ditto     

Davy     

6              }             

4              Cornelia’s Childn dece[ase]d dow.

2             

Lewis   

Alce      

Suckey  4              Daughtr                to Alce  R.F.       

Jude      1              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Milley   1              Daughr to Betty                ditto     

Peter     9              Son        to Doll  ditto     

Hannah                old         Cooks—Husbd Ned        ditto     

Workers               19          

Children              10          

Cook      1              making 30

Altogether at this Farm 57.

GW DOGUE RUN FARM

Names  age                         Remarks                             

Ben        57           Wife      Peg        D.R.        Dowr

Long Jack             60           Wife      Molly    Ditto      GW

Dick       46           Ditto      Charity Ditto      Ditto

Carter Jack          40           Ditto      Grace    Ditto      Dowr

Simon   20           No Wife                                              

Lawrence            14           Son        to Matilda                           GW

Judy—blind       50           Husbd   Gabriel Muddy Hole       GW

Molly—Cook     45           Ditto      long Jack              D.R.        GW

Charity 42           Ditto      Dick       Ditto      Ditto

Priscilla                36           Ditto      Slamin Joe                          Dowr

Linney  27           No husband                                      

Agnes   25           Husbd   Will        Mann Ho.            Dowr

Sarah     20           No Husband                                      

Betty     16           Ditto Ditto                                         

Sophia  14           Ditto Ditto          Siller’s daughr                  

Savary   13           daughr  to Siller                D.R.       

Children

Penny   11           Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Israel     10           Son        Ditto      ditto     

Isrias     3              Ditto      ditto                     

Christopher        1              Son        Ditto      ditto     

Fomison              11           Daughr to Charity            ditto     

Dick       3              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Bartley 6              Ditto      to Linney             ditto     

Matilda                1              Daughr Ditto      ditto     

Lucy       2              Ditto      to Sarah               ditto     

Guy        2              Son        to Agnes              ditto     

Passed labour

Hannah                60           No Husbd partly an ideot                            

Workers               16          

Children              10          

Pass’d labr          1              together 27

DOWER DOGUE RUN FARM

Names  age                         Remarks                             

Lucy       50           Husbd   Smith Natt                          GW

Sall Twine           38           Ditto      Gardr George                     GW

Grace    35           Ditto      Cartr Jack                             GW

Peg        30           Ditto      Ben        D.R.        GW

Kate       18           Ditto      a Negro of Moreton’s9                 

Ned       14           Son        to Lucy  D.R.       

Children

Teney   10           Daughr to Lucy  D.R.       

Barbary                11           Daughr to Sall T.               D.R.       

Abbay   10           Ditto      Ditto      Ditto     

Hannah                4              Ditto      Ditto      Ditto     

George 1              Son        Ditto      Ditto     

Roger    10           Ditto      to Grace               D.R.       

Molly    6              Daugr    Ditto      ditto     

Jenny    3              Ditto      Ditto      ditto     

Billy       6              Son        to Peg                   ditto

Fendal  2              Ditto      Ditto                      ditto

Peg        8 Mo.     Daughr Ditto                      ditto

Passed labour

Sue        70           No Husband                                      

Workers               6             

Children              11          

Pass’d labr          1              Making 18

Whole amt at this Farm 45

GW UNION FARM

Names  age                         Remarks             

London 64           No wife                               

Joe         24                                          

Edy         26           Husbd   Davy—Carp[ente]r         GW

Children

Sarah     6              Daughr to Edy  

Nancy   1              Ditto      ditto     

Passed labr

Flora      64           No Husband                      

Workers               3             

Children              2             

Pass’d labr          1              Making 6

DOWER UNION FARM

Names  age                         Remarks             

Sam Kitt               78           Wife      at Danl Sto⟨n⟩es10          

Cæsar   50           No Wife                              

Paul       36           Ditto      Ditto     

John      16           Son        to Betty                U.F.

Betty     62           No husbd            Cooks   

Lucy       50           Husbd   at Cap. Marshalls            

Fanny    36           Ditto      Charles—Ditchr               

Jenny    34           Ditto      Mrs Washns George      

Rachell 34           No Husband                      

Milly      22           Ditto      Ditto     

Lucretia                20           Ditto      Ditto     

Gideon 13           Son        to Betty               

Jamie    11           Ditto      to Fanny             

Ephraim               11           Ditto      to Rachel            

Children

Davy      8              Ditto      Ditto     

Guss      3              Ditto      Ditto     

Beck      4              Daughr Ditto     

Eneas    1              Son        Ditto     

Elizabeth             9              Daughr                 to Doll

Suckey  11           Ditto      at Mrs W.             Ditto

Elias       2 Mo.     Son                        Ditto

Daphne                5              Daughr to Fanny             

Charles 1              Son        Ditto     

Felicia   7              Daughr to Jenny              

Jonathan             3              Son        to Ditto               

Hellam 1              Ditto      Ditto     

Diana    1              Daughr to Milly               

Jesse     6              Son        to Patt dead      

Passed labour

Daphne                70           No Husband                      

Doll        52           Lame & pretds to be so                

Workers               14          

Children              14          

Non-Workrs       2              Making 30

Whole amount at this Farm exclusive of French’s Neg[roe]s 36

RECAPITULATION

         Belonging to GW                             Dower                              

  Workg                    Childn                                                                    Workg                    Childn                                  Grand

Where & how Empld      Men       Womn  boys      girls       boys      girls       Total      Men       Womn  boys      girls       boys      girls                Total      Total

Tradesmen & others, not employed on the Farms—viz.                                                                                                                               

Smiths  2                                                                                              2                                                                                                                              2

Bricklayers          1                                                                                              1              1                                                                                              1                2

Carpenters         5                                                                                              5              1                                                                                              1                6

Coopers               3                                                                                              3                                                                                                                              3

Shoemaker         1                                                                                              1                                                                                                                              1

Cooks    1                                                                                              1                              1                                                                              1              2

Gardeners           2                                                                                              2                                                                                                                              2

Millers  1                              1                                                              2                                                                                                                              2

House-Servants                1                                                                                              1              2              4                                                                              6              7

Ditchers               4                                                                                              4              1                                                                                              1                5

Distillery                                                                                                                             4                              1                                                              5                5

Postilions                                                                                                                            1                              1                                                              2                2

Waggoners & Cartrs        1                                                                                              1              2                                                                                              2              3

Milk Maid                                                                                                                                            1                                                                              1                1

Spinners & Knitrs                             1                                                                              1              1              7                                                                              8              9

Mansion-Ho.                                                                                                                      3              9              3              2              8              15           40                40

Muddy-hole       3              14           1                              8              10           36           2                                              2                                              4                40

River-Farm         3              9              2              2              6              4              26           6              9              2              1              5              5              28                54

Dogue Run F.     6              7                              1              7              3              24                           5              1                              5              6              17                41

Union-Farm        2              1                                                              2              5              4              6              3                              8              6              27                32

36           32           4              3              21           19           115         28           42           11           5              26           32           144         259

Passed labr or that do not Work                                                                                                                               

Muddy hole                                                                                                                                       1                                                                              1                1

River Farm          1              1                                                                              2              1              1                                                                              2                4

Dogue Run                          3                                                                              3                              1                                                                              1                4

Union Farm                        1                                                                              1                              3                                                                              3                4

Mansion Ho.      3                                                                                              3                              2                                                                              2                5

40           37           4              3              21           19           124         29           50           11           5              26           32           153         277

Hired fm Mrs. French     9              9              2              4              6              10           40                                                                                                                           40

Grand Total        49           36           6              7              27           29           164         29           50           11           5              26           32           153                317

A LIST OF NEGROS HIRED FROM MRS FRENCH

Names  Ages                      Remarks             

Will        Old but hearty  Looks after the Stock     Wife at Mrs French’s11

Abram  in his prime        Wife      at Muddy hole  Nancy

Paschall               Ditto      No wife                lately lost            Cornelia M.H.

Tom       Ditto 28                No wife                getting Blind     

Isaac      Ditto 29                Ditto      lives at Muddy hole Farm           

Moses   Ditto 26                Plowman & Carter                          

James   24           At the Distillery                               

Julius    23           Carter12                              

Spencer               20           Ditto and Mower13                        

Sabine  60           Husband14                        

Lucy       55           Ditto      McCarty’s George            a Knitter15

Daphne                40           Ditto      Simms Carpenter             Plougher16

Delia     35           No Husband                       Spinner17

Grace    28           Husband              Mrs Washns Davy            Plougher18

Siss        25           Ditto      Ditto Jack            Ditto19

Milly      18           No Husband20                 

Nancy   16           Ditto21                

Hannah                14           Ditto22                

Daniel   16           Son        of Delia’s            

Isaac      14           Ditto      of Rose deceased

Matilda                13           Daughr of Daphne          

Betty     13           Ditto      Delia    

Briney   12           Ditto      Lucy      

Grace    12           Ditto      Rose      deceased

Children             

Stately  10           Son        of Lucy’s             

Renney                6              Daughr Ditto     

Raison  3              Ditto      Ditto     

Morgan                2              Son        Ditto     

Phœnix                1              Ditto      Ditto     

Polly      9              Daughr of Daphne’s      

Maria    2              Ditto      Ditto     

Jack        7              Son        of Delia               

Julia       4              Daugh.  Ditto     

Nelly     2              Ditto      Ditto     

Ambrose             1              Son        Ditto     

Bob        10           Ditto      of Grace              

Sall         8              Daugh.  Ditto     

Judy       4              Ditto      Ditto     

Augusta               1              Ditto      Ditto     

Nancy   10           Ditto      of Sabine            

Men       9             

Women                9             

Workg Boy’s & Girls        6             

Children              16           In all 40